Pre-lap
PRE-LAP tells us that the sound comes from the next scene but is heard before the visual cut to the next scene.
A PRE-LAP can be used for sound effects or dialogue. For dialogue, use PRE-LAP rather than V.O. because it conveys the intended effect more clearly.
This technique is commonly used in editing: split edit, J cut.
Example: Sound effect
INT. CAVE - NIGHT
The search party works their way slowly through the cave.
PRE-LAP: Rifle shot.
INT. CONCRETE ROOM - NIGHT
Hunter holds a smoking rifle pointed at the ceiling. Vincent is tied to a chair.
HUNTER
See! They can't hear a thing.
Example: Dialogue
INT. CAVE - NIGHT
The search party works their way slowly through the cave.
VINCENT (PRE-LAP)
Help!
INT. CONCRETE ROOM - NIGHT
Hunter smiles at Vincent who is tied to a chair.
HUNTER
They can't hear you.
In the above example, VINCENT is not in the scene where his dialogue is heard. The reader might think VINCENT's cry for help is heard by the search party.
Example: Dialogue
INT. CAVE - NIGHT
The search party works their way slowly through the cave.
VINCENT (PRE-LAP)
They'll find him.
INT. ISABELLE'S DINING ROOM - NIGHT
Vincent sits with Isabelle.
ISABELLE
Are you sure?
Don't add an O.S. or V.O. to the PRE-LAP. An O.S. implies the character is out of frame but part of the scene (on set). A V.O. might create the impression that it's narration. Keep it simple!
If you have a good reason to use PRE-LAP, go for it but otherwise leave these kinds of choices to the director or editor.
Revised: December 2, 2022
© 2007-2025 Ken Briscoe